Berodual is an antispasmodic agent that can expand the lumen of the airways. This asthma medicine relieves breathing by relieving a suffocating cough. The medicine relieves bronchospasm for a long time, restores lung function.
The spray is used in emergency situations when a sudden attack occurs. Berodual for asthma in solution is prescribed for the treatment of obstructive bronchopulmonary conditions, restoration of air circulation in the respiratory system.
Pharmacological action of Berodual
Berodual is a drug from the group of combined bronchodilators designed to instantly expand the airways. The mechanism of action in bronchial asthma is due to the properties of its components:
- Ipratropium bromide has anticholinergic effects. After inhalation of fine particles from an inhalation solution or spray, the production of acetylcholine and mucus is reduced. The amount of calcium in the cells is normalized. The negative influence of the vagus nerve is blocked. The respiratory tract expands, the attack of suffocation passes.
- Fenoterol hydrobromide stimulates beta- adrenergic receptors . The substance acts selectively. For the conservative treatment of asthma, small concentrations of the substance are used. This approach allows you to sufficiently influence beta2-adrenergic receptors. High concentrations activate beta1-adrenergic receptors. Fenoterol blocks the occurrence of bronchospastic reactions triggered by the effects of histamine, methacholine , cooled air, allergens. After irrigation of the oropharynx with aerosol or inhalation with Berodual, inflammatory mediators from mast cells cease to be released. The smooth muscles of the bronchi and blood vessels relax. The productivity of mucociliary clearance increases – sputum leaves more easily.
Fenoterol, once in the bloodstream, acts on beta- adrenergic receptors localized in the myocardium. This interaction leads to undesirable consequences:
- heart palpitations;
- increased work of the heart muscle.
In combination, 2 active ingredients give the desired therapeutic effect. Bronchodilators complement each other, increase the antispasmodic effect on the respiratory tract. The musculature of the bronchi relaxes and they expand. Free oxygen circulation is restored. The shortness of breath that occurs with asthma disappears.
Indications for use
The agent is prescribed for prophylactic and therapeutic purposes for obstruction of the lungs and bronchi with reversible spasm of the airways. The drug is prescribed for adults and children over 6 years of age.
The medication relieves symptoms:
- bronchial asthma;
- pulmonary diseases, which are accompanied by bronchospastic syndrome;
- bronchitis with impaired airway patency;
- emphysema;
- obstructive pathologies of the respiratory tract with reversible blockage of the airways.
In asthma, Berodual is used for preliminary preparation of the airways for the administration of other drugs. Aerosol antibiotics, corticosteroids and mucolytics pass more easily through the dilated bronchi .
Contraindications
The medicine is forbidden to take:
- with a disturbed heart rhythm (tachyarrhythmias);
- pregnant women in the 1st and 3rd trimester;
- with obstructive cardiomyopathy ;
- children under 6 years of age;
- with increased sensitivity to fenoterol and other ingredients of the medication.
Berodual is used under strict medical supervision in stationary conditions if a person has concomitant pathologies:
- angle – closure glaucoma;
- heart disease;
- hypertension;
- diabetes;
- pathology of the thyroid gland;
- cystic fibrosis;
- obstruction of the bladder;
- harmonic tumors.
Release form and methods of application
Pharmaceutical companies produce 2 types of the drug:
- Berodual ;
- Berodual N (medicine for asthma with enhanced therapeutic effect).
Both medicines are produced as:
- The inhalation solution is a clear liquid without a characteristic odor. The product is poured into 2 ml dropper bottles.
- Aerosols. In cans with a mouthpiece, there is 10 ml of the substance. The funds are enough for 200 irrigations (single dosage – 1 spray).
The aerosol is used according to the following instructions:
- The protective cover is removed from the can. If the drug has not been used for 3 days, press the valve 1 time. After pre-spraying, the product is ready to use.
- Inhale deeply and slowly.
- Turn the can upside down and put your lips around the mouthpiece.
- Press on the bottom of the bottle, release 1 dose of aerosol. Take a deep breath (with the whole chest).
- Close the mouthpiece with a lid.
In an acute attack of asthma, they act as follows:
- The spray is inhaled twice.
- If after 5 minutes the condition does not improve, take 2 more doses.
- In the absence of a therapeutic effect, they urgently consult a doctor.
Long-term treatment is carried out according to the following scheme:
- 1-2 inhalations three times a day.
- No more than 8 procedures within 24 hours.
Inhalation
Inhalations with the solution are carried out using a nebulizer – a device that sprays the medicine in the form of a finely dispersed cloud. Liquid particles can easily penetrate even hard-to-reach places of the respiratory system.
Berodual for inhalation is diluted with isotonic sodium chloride solution (0.9%). Saline and water part of blood plasma are similar in composition. It is strictly forbidden to dilute the medicine in distilled water in order to avoid undesirable consequences.
For inhalation with asthma, take 1-4 ml of Berodual (20-80 drops). The recommended dose is diluted in 3-4 ml of saline. The product is not allowed to be taken orally.
Several schemes of drug use have been developed:
- Adults and children from 12 years of age are prescribed 20-80 drops four times a day to relieve acute attacks .
- To eliminate the prolonged bronchospastic syndrome, 20-40 drops are used four times a day.
- With moderate respiratory distress, 10 drops of Berodual’s solution are recommended .
- For children 6-12 years old, 10-20 drops per day are enough to block an attack.
- In severe asthma, the dose is increased to 40-60 drops.
- With long-term treatment, use 10-20 drops. The child is given 4 inhalations a day.
- For children under 6 years of age, the dose of Berodual is calculated individually. When determining the amount of the drug, the pediatrician takes into account the weight of the child. The maximum possible daily dose is 10 drops. The baby is allowed to breathe the drug 3 times a day.
Berodual N is a remedy with enhanced action. The medication is used to treat asthma in the same way as its predecessor. The spray is inhaled by spraying from a can. The solution is used for inhalation. The dosage is prescribed by a pulmonologist.
Possible side effects
Negative reactions are due to the activity of the main active ingredients of the drug. Some asthmatics experience local irritation when using an aerosol or solution.
Patients using Berodual complain of the appearance of:
- dry mouth;
- pain in the head;
- dizziness;
- tremor (spontaneous trembling of the upper limbs);
- coughing fits;
- nausea and vomiting syndrome;
- tachycardia;
- pharyngitis;
- increased heart rate;
- high blood pressure;
- irritability, nervous state;
- articulation disorders.
When using the drug, other undesirable reactions may occur:
- cardiovascular pathologies (arrhythmia, tachycardia, ischemia, hypertension);
- increased intraocular pressure, disorder of accommodation, the occurrence of mydriasis and glaucoma, eye pain, corneal edema, blurred vision, the appearance of a halo around the outlines of objects, conjunctival hyperemia;
- dysphonia , spasms of the bronchi, irritation and swelling of the oropharynx;
- allergies, anaphylactic reactions;
- overexcitement, nervous conditions, mental disorder, involuntary trembling of the hands;
- hypokalemia ;
- the occurrence of glossitis and stomatitis, violation of intestinal peristalsis, diarrhea or constipation, oropharyngeal edema;
- angioedema of the epithelium, pruritus, urticaria, profuse sweating;
- disorders of urination.
Doctors warn about the possible consequences of an overdose. The uncontrolled use of a medication for the treatment of asthma leads to intoxication of the body. Patients have pronounced signs of poisoning:
- increased heart rate;
- tachycardia;
- hypo – silt hypertension;
- increased obstruction of the bronchi;
- angina pectoris;
- redness of the skin of the face, a feeling of heat;
- metabolic acidosis (violation of acid-base balance).
Sometimes an overdose occurs against the background of excessive use of ipratropium bromide. In this case, the poisoning is transient.
In case of an overdose, patients need emergency medical attention. Physicians promptly provide intensive care with appropriate medications.
Berodual for the treatment of children
Berodual is actively used in pediatrics. The effectiveness of the drug in the removal of broncho-obstructive syndrome is quite high. The active substances expand the lumen of the bronchi, normalize the ventilation of the lung parenchyma.
The drug allows you to instantly suppress an attack of bronchial asthma in children. Berodual treat pathologies caused by spasmodic narrowing of the airways, eliminate a debilitating dry cough. The medicine loosens mucus, facilitates the excretion of phlegm.
For children, a spray and solution is prescribed to suppress idiopathic and barking coughs. The aerosol effectively fights laryngitis, which turns into a false croup – a life-threatening disease.
special instructions
When using a medication, a number of factors should be considered:
- If the patient has sudden shortness of breath or breathing difficulties, you should immediately consult a doctor.
- Berodual is not recommended for all people suffering from broncho-obstructive syndrome for regular use. In a mild form, symptomatic therapy is more effective than constant use of the drug.
- Patients need, in addition to symptomatic, to take anti-inflammatory drugs to suppress pathological processes.
- Exceeding the dosage of the drug leads to the appearance of uncontrollable complications, aggravation of the disease. With increasing bronchial obstruction, increasing the dosage of the drug in excess of the recommended for a long period is dangerous to human health and life.
- When the disease worsens, the treatment regimen is adjusted. The patient is prescribed anti-inflammatory medications for inhalation.
- To prevent liquid from entering the eyes during inhalation, a fine cloud is inhaled through a mouthpiece or a special mask. A drug in the eyes can trigger the development of glaucoma.
- The medicine is used under the supervision of a physician for acute-angle glaucoma and obstruction of the urinary tract.
- Fenoterol is capable of giving a positive result in the study of doping test samples. Athletes with bronchial asthma should choose an inhaler from a number of approved drugs.
- Minor substances that make up the medication can provoke the development of bronchospasm in patients with allergic reactions and airway hyperresponsiveness.
- It is not known exactly how the drug affects people driving vehicles and complex mechanisms. Research in this direction has not been carried out. But people taking the medicine may experience dangerous manifestations: dizziness, hand tremors, blurred vision. Such reactions can lead to accidents on the road or at work, causing harm to health or death. If negative side effects occur, you need to give up driving a car and control complex mechanisms.
- Pharmacologists have not specifically studied the effect of the drug on the fetus and pregnant women. But the practical use of fenoterol and ipratropium bromide shows that these compounds do not cause negative side reactions in the child and mother. Their physiological processes are normal. The medicine is not recommended for use in the I and III trimesters. Fenoterol has an inhibitory effect on the uterine muscles. The use of the drug leads to a slowdown in labor, causes artificial hypotonia of the genital organ, negatively affects the development of the embryo in the initial stages.
- It has been reliably revealed that Fenoterol passes into breast milk, while ipratropium bromide does not. Nursing women are prescribed medication with caution.
Self-medication with a drug based on ipratropium bromide and fenoterol is unacceptable. The medicine is used only as directed by a doctor in strictly recommended dosages.
Finally
Berodual is a potent medication, doctors do not prescribe it unnecessarily. Inhalation is carried out in combination with anti-inflammatory therapy. This allows you to control the course of the disease.
With independent use or regular use of the drug with a gradual increase in dosage, asthma becomes uncontrollable. In patients, the course of the disease is aggravated, the condition worsens. In order to avoid undesirable consequences, the drug is used strictly according to the doctor’s prescription.